by admin Posted in Anti-Infectives
Cystitis is an inflammatory process of the bladder that is nearly always due to a bacterial infection. Acute uncomplicated cystitis can be defined as cystitis in a healthy, young, non-pregnant woman. Acute uncomplicated cystitis is caused by bowel flora that colonizes periurethral tissues and ascends through the urethra, infecting the bladder. About 80% of cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis are caused by Escherichia со//and 10% by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Most of the remaining infections are caused by Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Entero-bacter species, and beta-hemolytic streptococi.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common occurrence among young, sexually active women. In one study, monthly cultures were performed for 6 months in asymptomatic women, and more than 20% of the women in the study had at least one positive culture finding. However, only 8% of these positive cultures were followed by a symptomatic UTI. This finding supports the practice of treating bacteriuria only in symptomatic individuals. Only under special circumstances (e.g., pregnancy, preceding urologic procedures) is it appropriate to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria.
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The absence of symptoms is one of the major problems in identifying high blood pressure and getting treatment under way. The condition offers no warnings. It works its damage slowly and quietly while you feel fine.
Many hypertensive people don’t realize anything is wrong with them, and all too often, the first indication of trouble is a stroke or heart attack that might have been prevented had the condition been diagnosed and treated. United States statistics show the highest death rate from these ailments, with about 42 deaths per 100,000 population. The figure is growing.
Symptoms of trouble are not reliable clues. Headaches may be caused by hypertension, or they may simply indicate the need for new glasses. There may be dizziness, fatigue, heart palpitations or flushing of the face. But the only certain, typical change is in the blood pressure itself.
Headaches are the most common incapacitating symptom. They often are present on waking from sleep, but they may occur at any time of day. They do not signify that a hemorrhage in the brain is in the making; nor do they indicate that the blood pressure is exceptionally high. It may be exceptionally low! But consistent headaches are considered clues to increased blood pressure.
Dizziness, or lightheadedness, accompanies a feeling of fullness in the head and tightness over the scalp, and may signal hypertension. Numbness and tingling in the arms and fingers are also associated with elevated blood pressure. Vertigo, a sensation that the world is moving about you, or that you are moving in space, is a more definite symptom. These are warning conditions.
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